About Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, often referred to as the "Devabhoomi" or "Land of the Gods," has a rich and diverse history that dates back to the Vedic period. In ancient times, this region was part of the Kuru and the Panchala kingdoms, as mentioned in Vedic literature. The holy rivers Ganga and Yamuna find their origins in the pristine Himalayan mountains of Uttarakhand, adding to its spiritual significance. The state has been a center of learning and spirituality, with several ashrams and pilgrimage sites attracting sages and seekers for millennia. Throughout its history, the region has witnessed the rise and fall of various dynasties, including the Katyuris, the Chandras, and the Parmars. Uttarakhand was an integral part of the ancient trade routes that connected India with Tibet and Central Asia.

Modern Uttarakhand is known for its breathtaking landscapes, diverse flora and fauna, and a thriving tourism industry. The state encompasses the majestic Himalayan peaks, dense forests, and numerous pilgrimage sites like Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri, making it a popular destination for both spiritual seekers and nature enthusiasts. The capital city, Dehradun, serves as the administrative hub, while other prominent cities like Haridwar and Rishikesh are renowned for their cultural and religious significance. Uttarakhand’s resilient spirit and cultural heritage continue to make it a unique and cherished part of India.

Uttarakhand is divided into two parts, Garhwal and Kumaon.

Kumaon

Kumaon, a revenue and administrative division in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, occupies the eastern half of the state and is surrounded by Tibet to the north, Nepal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the south, and Garhwal to the west. Comprising six districts—Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar—Kumaon has a rich history, formerly known as Manaskhand and Kurmanchal, ruled by Hindu dynasties like the Katyuris and Chands. The British established the Kumaon division in 1816 after reclaiming it from the Gorkhas, forming part of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces, later becoming the United Provinces. In 2000, Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar Pradesh, encompassing Kumaon. Inhabited by the Kumaonis, the region has a distinct culture and language, Kumaoni. Nainital serves as the administrative center, housing the Uttarakhand High Court, and notable hill towns include Almora, Ranikhet, Pithoragarh, Champawat, and Bageshwar. The Kumaon Regiment, a renowned Indian Army unit, has its roots in this region, adding to its historical and cultural significance.

Garhwal

Garhwal lies in the Himalayas, bordered by Tibet to the north, Kumaon to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the south, and Himachal Pradesh to the northwest. Its districts include Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal, and Uttarkashi. The region's history is intertwined with Puranic Sattology, and it was historically known as "kedarkhand," meaning "the land of God."  The earliest reference regarding Garhwal and its pride spots are cited in the Skanda Purana and the Mahabharata in the Van Parva. Skanda Purana defines the boundaries and extent of this holy land. Adi Shankaracharya was pivotal in restoring sacred shrines like Badrinath and Kedarnath in the 8th century. Garhwal's unified history dates back to the 15th century when King Ajai Pal merged 52 principalities. However, Pauri and Dehradun were ceded to the British in the 19th century for their assistance during the Gurkha invasion. The Katyuri dynasty, known for its rule in Uttarakhand, saw its decline, leading to the emergence of 52 independent chiefs. The region's fame as Garhwal can be traced back to Raja Ajay Pal's conquest and the subsequent recognition of his domain as Garhwal.